ﺗﻧﺎﻫﻰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﻣﻌﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺿﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻁﻠﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ..ﺍﻟﺣﻭﻛﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻛﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺷﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻛﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻳﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺎﻛﻣﻳﺔ،
ﻓﺿﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ( ﻭﻧﺭﻯ ﻫﻧﺎ ﻭﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﺳﺗﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺳﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﺗﺷﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ، ﻭﻟﻌﻝ ﺗﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻁﻠﺣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺿﻣﻭﻥ ﺃﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺳﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﻋﻧﺩ ﻋﻣﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻁﻧﻳﻥ ﻭﺣﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺣﺛﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﺻﻳﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻣﻌﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ؟ ﺍﻟﺣﻭﻛﻣﺔ
ﻫﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺳﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ E‐Government:ﻓﺎﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﻛﻧﻭﻟﻭﺟﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ )ﻣﺛﻝ ﺷﺑﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻳﺿﺔ، ﻭﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ، ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻣﻭﻝ( ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻟﺩﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭ ﻭﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻁﻧﻳﻥ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺳﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ.
ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺻﻁﻠﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺷﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻛﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻳﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺎﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﻓﻣﺿﻣﻭﻧﻬﺎﺍﻟﺣﻭﻛﻣﺔ ﻟﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ (ICT) ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻌﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺗﻛﻧﻭﻟﻭﺟﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ، ﻭﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺗﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﺍﻷﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﻭﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ (G2C) ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﺑﺫﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻗﺳﺎﻡ (G2G)( ﻭﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺿﻬﺎﺑﻌﺽG2B)ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻋﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻣﻠﻪ .ﻭﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﻭﻛﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻭﺍﻁﻧﻳﻥ ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺭﻳﺣﺔ ﻭﺗﺗﺳﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﻔﺎﻓﻳﺔ. ﻭﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻭﻛﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺗﻘﺩﻣﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺭﺍﺣﻝ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﺗﺩء ﻟﻣﺎ ﺗﺣﺗﺎﺟﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻬﻳﺋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺣﺗﻰ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻟﻠﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻣﻥ ﺩﺧﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺗﺟﺎﻭﺯ ﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻭﻳﺔ. ﺍﻣﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺑﺭﻭﺗﻭﻛﻭﻝ ﺍﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻻﺗﺟﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻳﻥ ﺃﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻭﻛﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﻭﻛﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺑﺭﻭﺗﻭﻛﻭﻝ ﺍﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺛﻧﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺟﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺳﻌﻰ ﻟﻠﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻔﻳﺩﺓ.
Governance and e-government
we have heard in recent years a lot of the terminology of the (e-Governance and good governance or and governance, as well as e-government, etc.) and see here and there some posters in government institutions or non-governmental organizations indicate that, perhaps these terms overlap in form and content raised a lot of questions when all citizens and even some researchers and specialists about the meaning of e-government? What are e-Governance? E-Government: is the process of using government institutions for information technology (such as broadband information networks, the Internet, and methods of communication via mobile phone), which have the ability to change and transform relations with citizens, businesspersons and various government institutions. The good governance, and governance Include it, e-governance, which means the use of information and communications technology terms (ICT) for the delivery of government services, and the exchange of information and transactional communications and integration of various systems and services stand-alone between the government and the citizen (G2C) and between the government and companies G2B)) and between governments (G2G) as well as the operations of the administrative departments and interactions within the framework of the entire government. Through e-governance is to provide government services available to citizens in a convenient way and be effective and transparent. I see that e-Governance is an advanced stage of implementation of e-government and cannot be applied Please note that effective what you need to create the technical, political and economic level and even social and can not for ex. the student from entering the university before bypass the secondary stage. As for the difference between government and governance, e-government is a unidirectional communication protocol while the e-governance is a two-way communication protocol and is seeking to get to the satisfaction of the beneficiary.
D. Mazin Mahdi Habeeb Al-aqabi
